ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The variations knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) is relevant due to its influence on the development of ischemic encephalic disorders. Among these variations, when the external diameter of the posterior communicating artery exceeds the posterior cerebral artery caliber, we have a fetal conformation of this circle. The aim of this study was to describe the variations of the CAC in Chilean individuals and to know the type of arterial conformation. Thirty adult brains were used to measure lengths and caliber of the pre-communicating segments of the anterior (A1) and posterior (P1) cerebral arteries, and the anterior (ACoA) and posterior (PCoA) communicating arteries. The arterial conformation type was established, and the length and caliber of these vessels were compared according to the right or left side. It was observed that 76.6 % of the CACs presented aplasia and / or hypoplasia. Of its components, PCoA was hypoplasic in 53.3 %, appearing bilaterally in 40 % of the subjects. The comparison according to the side, indicated that the mean length of A1 and PCoA on the right side was slightly higher. In the case of caliber, the mean of A1, P1 and PCoA was higher on the left side. Regarding P1 and PcoA caliber, 33 % of the CACs presented unilateral fetal conformation. Regardless of the variability presented by the CAC, there is consensus that PCoA exhibits the greatest variability. The understanding of this variability requires an analysis of the embryonic aspects that can explain the fetal conformation of the CAC in the adult.
RESUMEN: El conocimiento de las variaciones del círculo arterial cerebral (CAC) resultan relevantes por su influencia en el desarrollo de trastornos isquémicos encefálicos. De estas variaciones, los cambios del calibre de la arteria comunicante posterior (ACoP) determinan una conformación fetal de este círculo. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las variaciones del CAC en individuos chilenos y conocer el tipo de conformación arterial. Se utilizaron 30 encéfalos adultos a los que se midieron las longitudes y calibres de los segmentos precomunicante de las arterias cerebrales anteriores (A1) y posteriores (P1), y de las arterias comunicante anterior (ACoA) y ACoP. Se estableció el tipo de conformación arterial y se comparó la longitud y calibre de estos vasos según lateralidad. Se observó que el 76,6 % de los CAC presentaron agenesias y/o hipoplasias. De sus componentes, la ACoP fue hipoplásica en el 53,3 %, presentándose bilateral en el 40 %. La comparación según lateralidad indicó que la longitud media de A1 y ACoP del lado derecho fueron levemente superiores. En el caso de los calibres, la media de A1, P1 y ACoP fue superior en el lado izquierdo. Respecto de los calibres de P1 y ACoP, el 33 % de los CAC presentaron conformación fetal unilateral. Independientemente de la variabilidad que presenta el CAC, existe consenso de que la ACoP exhibe la mayor variabilidad. La comprensión de esta variabilidad requiere un análisis de los aspectos embrionarios que pueden explicar la conformación fetal de esté círculo arterial en el adulto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Brain/blood supply , Circle of Willis/anatomy & histology , Anatomic VariationABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to establish oral carriage of Candida and possible factors associated to their virulence in young adults and their relation with local and general situations considered as predisposing factors. Samples were obtained from dorsum tongue in 70 students attending the Faculty of Dentistry (University of Buenos Aires) average age: 23, all in healthy oral conditions. Of these, 21.42
were Candida positive. These samples were seeded in CHROMagar. Candida identification was completed in milk agar and Fungichrom 1. The following species were identified: 11 Candida albicans (C.a), 2 Candida parapsilosis (C.p) and 1 Candida glabrata (C.g). In one case, 2 species (C.a and C.g) were isolated in the same sample. Virulence was determined as adherence capacity by biofilm or in vitro plaque formation and hydrophobicity. Different host factors were analyzed statistically to establish their importance as predisposing factors to allow Candida colonization. Adherence of C.a. was found to be similar in all C.a. strains, whereas significant differences were found between C.a. and C.p. and between C.a. and C.g. Only the antiseptic mouthrinse and the diet were significant among the considered factors.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to compare Candida albicans strain genotype isolates from oral cavity of immunocompromised patients due to different immunologic impairments with apparently normal carriers. Four populations were studied: 1) HIV positive hospitalized patients, 2) HIV negative immunocompromised patients (leukemia, lymphoma, organ transplant recipients), 3) drug addicts prior to AIDS pandemia in Argentina, 4) apparently normal carriers. DNA extracted was digested with the enzyme Eco RI, electrophoresed, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and hybridized with the 27A probe labelled with 32P. The comparison between the profiles obtained permitted the differentiation of 16 genotypes. The distribution of the strains led to the conclusion that: a) all the isolated strains from AIDS patients were closely related and distributed in only three genotypes (1, 3, 11); b) a major genetic relationship between the isolates from AIDS patients and HIV negative immunocompromised patients was observed; c) strains from carriers showed a minor genetic similarity with those obtained from AIDS patients; d) characteristic profiles belonging to any of the studied groups were not found; e) significant genomic changes have not been observed during the last twenty years.
ABSTRACT
The adherence of microorganisms to dentin that had been contaminated and then treated with conditioning substances was evaluated. The germicide effect of those products and their possible substantivity was also evaluated. Dentin slices were contaminated with Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii and then treated with the following substances: 1. Experimental Blue Solution A, 2. Experimental Red Solution B; 3 Tubulicid Blue Label; 4. Tubulicid Red Label; 5 Scotchprep Dentin Primer; 6 ventura Dentin Bond Cleaner; 7 ventura Dentin Bond Primer, 8. Gluma dentin Bond; 9 Tenure Conditioner; 10. All Bond Dentin Conditioner; 11 Syntac Primer; 12. Clearfil New Bond acid + adhesive; 13 Prisma Universal Bond 3 Primer; 14. Denthesive Cleaner; 15. Control (Distilled water). Adherence was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and viability tests were performed. Substances 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 11 impair adherence; the control and substances 6 and 9 produced no afforded intermediate results effect while substances 10, 12, 13 and 14. Viability tests afforded results similar to those obtained for adherence. Several substances that are used for dentin treatment or for dentin priming for adhesion could be useful in preventing microorganism viability and so contribute to the protection of pulp vitality.
ABSTRACT
Dentin treatment before adhesion of composites is performed both to enhance adhesion and to remove the microbial contents of the smear layer. The purpose of these experiments was to evaluate the germicide potential of several dentin treatments used in adhesive systems and of some cleansing solutions. Different germs involved in caries processes were used (Candida Albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii) to prepare suspensions. Half a milliliter of each of the suspensions was transferred to test tubes and an equal volume of the following substances was added: Scotch Prep Dentin Primer (P), Gluma Cleanser (G), Cleaner Sol. (C), Tubulicid Blue (TB) and Red Label (TR), Blue Experimental Solution (SB) and Red Experimental Solution (SR) and sterile distilled water (control). The preparation was incubated at 37 degrees C for seven days to test viability. P, TR, TB and SB produced complete inhibition of germs tested. The results reveal that, [quot ]in vitro[quot ], not all the substances tested exert a germicide effect on the microorganisms analyzed.
ABSTRACT
Se evaluo la inmunidad celular en 52 enfermos dragadictos, comparandola con un grupo de 30 no adictos. Para tal fin se utilizaron pruebas cutaneas con derivado proteinico purificado, candidina, parche de dinitroclorobenceno, prueba de la inhibibion de la migracion de linfocitos con derivado proteinico purificado de tuberculina y candidina, y ventana cutanea. Los resultados fueron diferentes en ambos grupos e indicarian que los toxicomanos tenian deprimida la respuesta celular